English Grammar Guide


Adjectives: -ing vs -ed


Usage - ADJECTIVE: -ing/-ed

We use adjectives ending in -ing to show the cause or reason for something.

We use adjectives ending in -ed to show the effect of something or a feeling.

  • REASONEFFECT
  • REASONFEELING

Grammar - ADJECTIVE: -ing/-ed

  • VERB → ADJECTIVE
  • REASON: ADJ. ending in "-ing"
  • excite → exciting
  • The game was exciting.
  • EFFECT ON/FEELING: ADJ. ending in "-ed"
  • excite → excited
  • I was excited.

Examples - ADJECTIVE: -ing/-ed

R./E. -ing/-ed
The gamewasexciting.
The boywasexcited.
The storywasinteresting.
The girlwasinterested.

Examples - ADJECTIVE: -ing/-ed

R./E. -ing/-edREASON
The gamewasexciting.
The boywasexcitedby the game.
The storywasinteresting.
The girlwasinterestedin the story.

Forms - ADJECTIVE: -ing/-ed

REASONEFFECT REASONEFFECT
annoyingannoyed relaxingrelaxed
boringbored scaryscared
concerningconcerned surprisingsurprised
excitingexcited tiringtired
frighteningfrightened worryingworried
interestinginterested

Be Careful!

  • The ADJECTIVE is scary, not scaring.
  • The snake was scaring.
  • The snake was scary.
  • We can use scaring for the VERB in the continuous tenses:
  • The snake was scaring the cat.
Symbols & Abbreviations
Correct
Incorrect
ADJ.Adjective

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