English Grammar Guide


Indefinite Articles vs The Definite Article: a/an vs the


Grammar - 1st Mention2nd Mention

We name a noun the first time we mention it. We often use a pronoun when we mention it again.

We usually use a or an the first time we mention a noun. We use the every time we mention the noun again.

  • NAME/THING PRONOUN
  • Tom he
  • a cat → it
  • a/an + NOUN → the + NOUN
  • a cat → the cat
  • I saw a cat. The cat was black.

Forms - Name/ThingPRONOUN

NAME/THING (1st)PRONOUN (2nd/...)
TomHe
MaryShe
A carIt
The carIt
BirdsThey

Examples - Name/ThingPRONOUN

NAME/THINGPRONOUN
I saw a cat.It was black.
I met Tom.He was OK.

Examples - Name/ThingPRONOUN

  • I saw a cat. It was black and it was small. It sat on the floor.

Forms - a/anthe

a/an + THING (1st)the + THING (2nd/...)
a carthe car
an applethe apple

Examples - a/anthe

  • I saw a cat and a dog. The cat was black and the dog was white.
  • I ate an apple and an orange. The apple was sweet and the orange was sour.

Examples - a/anthe

  • I saw a cat and a dog. The cat was black and the dog was white. The dog chased the cat. The cat ran away. Then the dog saw a rabbit.

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