英語文法ガイド 受動態: 現在形
The Passive Voice: Present Simple Tense
機能 - 受動態主語 -動詞-目的語 (S VO ) の語順に従うことがよくあります。これは能動態です。
語順を逆転させると (S VO → O VS )、受動態になります。
受動態では、動詞 be と 過去分詞 (V3 ) を使用します。
The focus is on the OBJECT . We might not have a SUBJECT . We might not state the SUBJECT . We reverse the sentence order. 英語文法 - 能動態SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT (S V O )Pandas eat bamboo .英語文法 - 受動態S V O → OBJECT VERB by SUBJECT (O V S )SUBJECT + BE + V3 + by + OBJECT Bamboo is eaten by pandas .SUBJECT PRONOUN → OBJECT PRONOUN OBJECT PRONOUN → SUBJECT PRONOUN SUBJ. PRON. + BE + V3 + by + OBJ. PRON. She checks them .They are checked by her .SUBJECT + BE + V3 + PREPOSITION ...Cars are made in factories.例 - 能動態 → 受動態 (S V O → O V S )SUBJ. VERB OBJ. Pandas eat bamboo .
SUBJ. (passive)BE + V3 by OBJ. (passive) Bamboo is eaten by pandas .
例 - 目的語代名詞 → 主語代名詞 (S V O → O V S )
能動態の 目的語代名詞 は、受動態で 主語代名詞 になります。
SUBJECT VERB OBJ. PRON. Many people help him .
SUBJ. PRON. BE + V3 by OBJ. (passive) He is helped by many people.
例 - 主語代名詞 → 目的語代名詞 (S V O → O V S )
能動態の 主語代名詞 は、受動態で 目的語代名詞 になります。
SUBJ. PRON. VERB OBJECT He inspires many people.
SUBJ. (passive) BE + V3 by OBJ. PRON. Many people are inspired by him .
⚠ 注意!受動態では、常に 目的語 (受動態 ) を含めるわけではありません。
Sometimes there isn't an object in the passive. Corn is grown on farms. ✔ 例 - 目的語のない受動態 (S V O → O V )SUBJ. VERB OBJECT Workers make cars in factories.
SUBJ. BE + V3 ADVERBIAL by OBJ. Cars are made in factories by workers . Cars are made in factories.
シンボル/略語 ✔ OBJ. PREP. PRON. SUBJ. V3
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